(PDF) Parameter Identification for Cells, Modules, Racks, and Battery for Utility-Scale Energy Storage Systems
INDEX TERMS Battery energy storage systems, equivalent circuit, parameter estimation, racks, modules, cells, sensitivity analysis, thermal runaway, battery management system. I. INTRODUCTION According to the EIA, utility-scale BESS in the U.S. account for more than 75% of the total energy storage capacity installed in 2018 [1].