Batteries | Free Full-Text | State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-ion
Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems due to their high energy density, long life cycle, low self-discharge rate, and so on [1,2].The battery performance is monitored by a battery management system (BMS), in which the SOC is one of the most important status indicators